Tag Archives: Moltmann

Moltmann and Gestalt

I have been known to describe emerging church things as “Gestalt-y” which, I know, is a word I’ve entirely fabricated.  And though I am partial to that word and idea even still, I do think Moltmann does a much better job of describing what I am trying to communicate when I use it in this excerpt below from Sun of Righteousness, Arise!:

 

Different biosystems or organisms do not merely cooperate with each other; they also integrate themselves in each other and form more complex forms of life. Without these processes life would not evolve. In the wake of these integrations new forms of organization develop.

It is generally said that ‘the whole is more than the sum of its parts’. That is true. The whole is also more than the cooperation of separate parts with each other. The whole is a new principle for organizing the functions of the parts in relation to each other and on behalf of the whole. New organizational forms of this kind evidently arise from the aggregate conditions of the parts like a leap into a new quality. Because the whole displays a new quality, it is not just ‘more than’ the sum of the parts; it is also different.

 

There are those who say (quite often, at least to me) that the “emerging church” is simply a rediscovery of something old–liturgy, or Wesleyan something or other, or Lutheran this or that. And in part, that is likely true. But I think what Moltmann says so clearly here is why I tend to reject that argument overall.  It is not simply a matter of rediscovery. It is a matter of putting these old and new things together in a way that “leap into a new quality” altogether. It is different, even if parts of it may feel the same to you. Inside it, philosophically and I would even argue metaphysically, it’s not just Lutheranism going on (as great as that might be). It possesses a unique quality that is just now emerging.

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Two Images of Liberation

Pig hang-gliding in sky

A late-evening Moltmann Monday posts for those of you who remind me when I skip a week… :)  This one’s from God in Creation p.287:

Israel has given the nations two archetypal images of liberation: the exodus and the sabbath. The exodus from slavery into the land of liberty is the symbol of external freedom; it is efficacious, operative. The sabbath is the symbol of inner liberty; it is rest and quietude. The exodus is the elemental experience of God’s history. The sabbath is the elemental experience of God’s creation. The exodus is the elemental experience of the God who acts. The sabbath is the elemental experience of the God who is, and is present. No political, social and economic exodus from oppression, degradation and exploitation really leads to the liberty of a humane world without the sabbath, without the relinquishment of all works, without the serenity that finds rest in the presence of God. But the reverse is also true: men and women never find the peace of the sabbath in God’s presence unless they find liberation from dependency and repression, inhumanity and godlessness. So exodus and sabbath are indivisible. They are the necessary complements of one another. They wither and do not lead to freedom if they are once divided, and if we attempt to make only one of them the foundation for the experience of liberty.”

 

External freedom and inner liberty,  as Moltmann says, “are necessary complements of one another.”  This we’ve heard before, I know.  Inner life and outer life, personal salvation and social salvation, personal faith and communal faith lived out in the world together.  But as someone who spends time with people from across the denominational spectrum, it seems fairly clear that this is something we know but not something we KNOW. That, or nobody wants to do anything to change what we know to be incomplete.  Churches tend to focus either on inner life (how are you doing?) or external freedom (how is the world doing?).  For the love of all things, I don’t know why anybody feels the need to choose.

This is why I appreciate Moltmann bringing exodus and sabbath along as a description. It makes it feel more important, no?  Who wants to leave out the exodus? Who would say sabbath isn’t worth the effort? Both are central to our story. They are indivisible. They are necessary complements if we ever are to become mature and faithful people. So let’s figure out how to share from the best of our respective traditions and find some much needed wholeness in our approaches. Let the pig fly, people. Let the pig fly.

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Not Optimism, Not Pessimism…Just Trust

Happy Moltmann Monday!  Today I’m sending you a little section from Jesus Christ for Today’s World which is one of Moltmann’s “broader audience” books (read: not academic theology).  In this chapter he picks up an earlier strand of conversation he’s had with us about the  false dichotomy of anxiety and fear and tries to answer the “then what?” question.

Today, we ourselves belong to both groups of people (people of anxiety and people of hope). We read the newspapers, and are filled with anxiety. We read the Bible, and hope for God. Like everyone else, we are afraid of the dangers ahead of us in this world. Like the people in the Bible, we believe that God’s deliverance is near. This is an age of anxiety. That is true. But it is an age of hope too. We believe in God and hope for (God’s) coming, but we are not optimists–we are afraid for our world. We are afraid of the things that imperil its future: we can imagine the social catastrophes in Russia–we can calculate the ecological disaster in our own countries–we know more than we can believe. But we are not pessimists, for we have faith in God and believe that (God) will never let his creation go. People who hope for God are not optimists. They don’t need the power of positive thinking. People who hope for God are not pessimists. They don’t need the logic of negative dialectic. People who trust in God know that God is waiting for them, that God is hoping for them, that they are invited to God’s future, so that they are holding in their hands the most marvelous invitation they have ever had in their lives.  (p.131-132)

 

I often run across people and friends who feel that faith is a form of blindness, either ignorant or intentional. We either do not know enough about the world to see how it really is, or we are so afraid of what we have seen that we choose to put blinders on and convince ourselves we see something else. I confess to being overwhelmingly annoyed by these assumptions. Certainly, people believe in God (and a million other things) for these kinds of reasons from time to time. We’re all working our way toward understanding. But to say the task of faith is blind optimism and the task of fear or doubt or even atheism is staunch pessimism is far too simplistic.

We are always both people of fear and anxiety, if we indeed have our eyes open. We see the dangers of the world (even if Moltmann’s references are outdated…).  We know the future could bring hard times. But we also see the hope in God’s promise, and dare to hope. However, this tension between anxiety and hope does not require us to pick sides. We do not have to wear team jerseys declaring our allegiance to optimism or pessimism, changing teams based on the outcome of Monday morning’s headline. People of faith are simply people who trust in God. It’s not blind trust. It’s not trust that means no bad things will happen. It’s not trust that we will get to have life just the way we want it. It’s trust in a relationship—a friendship–that remains intact no matter what. Faith is not contingent upon what happens, but upon who holds us. We trust that whatever the future holds, God is with us, God is before us and behind us. Faith is trust that when all is said and done, what will be left is not optimism or pessimism, anxiety or hope, but the fullness of God realized.

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Friendship

Thanks to Tony’s new book, I’m in a The Church in the Power of the Spirit mood today.  Here’s an excerpt from Moltmann’s section on Jesus and friendship, which Tony rightly highlighted in his book as one of Moltmann’s more unique takes on Christology:

 

The titles through which the church defines what Jesus means are usually called his titles of office. Whether Jesus is understood and acknowledged as prophet, priest or king, these titles always express his divine dignity towards men and his saving task on their behalf. The christological titles describe his uniqueness and set up a certain distance between him and the church. In devotion, this distance finds expression in the worship and adoration of Christ, and in obedience to him. In the garb of his titles of honor he appears with divine authority…But the fellowship which Jesus brings men, and the fellowship of people with one another to which he calls, would be described in one-sided terms if another ‘title’ were not added, a title to describe the inner relationship between the divine and the human fellowship: the name of friend.

Friendship is an unpretentious relationship, for ‘friend’ is not an official term, nor a title of honor, nor a function. It is a personal designation. Friendship unites affection with respect. There is no need to bow before a friend. We can look him in the eye. We neither look up to him nor look down on him. In friendship we experience ourselves for what we are, respected and accepted in our own freedom. Through friendship we respect and accept other people as people and as individual personalities. Friendship combines affection with loyalty. One can rely on a friend…Between friends the determining factor is not an ideal, a purpose or a law, but simply promise, loyalty to one another and openness…

The more people begin to live with one another as friends, the more privileges and claims to domination become superfluous. The more people trust one another the less they need to control one another. The positive meaning of a classless society free of domination, without repression and without privileges, lies in friendship. Without the power of friendship and without the goal of a friendly world there is no human hope for the class struggles and struggles for dominance.”

 

To add “friend” to Jesus’ list of christological offices is truly one of Moltmann’s more brilliant moves.  Prophet, priest and king are limited in scope because they are based on function and title alone.  I remember feeling this in my bones, like we were trying to recreate a recipe but forgetting that one ingredient that really made the others shine. Something wasn’t tasting quite right, like the batter was going to be delicious but not actually rise in the cooking.  And then in this part of CPS, Moltmann came into the kitchen and handed over the missing ingredient.  The “gospel” part of who Jesus is, the part that can transform and subvert even the most dominant power structures, the part that makes the whole thing SING, is not only his ability to serve as prophet, priest and king, but precisely his ability to serve as such as our friend.

It’s so good it makes me want to do cartwheels at the very thought. The sovereignty of Jesus, the messianic nature of Jesus, the reason Jesus can be called Redeemer of the whole entire universe, all rests on the fact that he is who he is and he does what he does as our friend.

I honestly do not believe I am overstating my case when I say if you miss that, you are missing out on the whole thing.  It’s all flat pancakes and sunken souffles.  Friendship, people. Friendship.

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Moltmann takes on Aristotle

Moltmann Monday is back after a few week hiatus, so why don’t we kick it off with a bang as Moltmann decides to take Aristotle to task. From God for a Secular Society, p. 135ff:

Ever since Aristotle, the principle of knowledge has been: ‘like is only known by like.’ Ever since Aristotle, the principle of community has been: ‘Like draws to like.’ The principle of correspondence in epistemology and the principle of homogeneity in sociology correspond precisely.

But are they true? Do they contribute to the knowing of ‘the others’? Do they lead to living fellowship with others? Are we not ourselves ‘the others’ for other people?…If I know only what is like me, or what already corresponds to me, then, after all, I know only what I know already. The fascination of knowing is missing. The interest in knowing is paralyzed. When two people say the same thing, says a Russian proverb, one of them is superfluous.

If, in social life, like draws only to like, is the result in a society not total stultification? The rich for themselves and the poor for themselves, the whites for themselves and the blacks for themselves, the men for themselves and the women for themselves…This would be the total segregation-society of unrelated ghettos, and in every ghetto death through boredom would hold sway.

If this is so, must we not try to start from the opposite principles, in order to arrive at knowledge of others and community with others?

In epistemology, must we not start from the principle ‘Other is known only by other’, and in sociology from the principle ‘The acceptance of others creates community in diversity’?

 

If the church/Church is to be a community, specifically one that embraces the life of Jesus, it cannot be founded or even maintained on Aristotle’s principles. Aristotle’s words can serve as critique or warning, but certainly not as a reality to which we are or ought to be resigned. Indeed, in the life of God, we see that life comes from the unique triune persons of God who are in living fellowship with one another that is anything but stagnant. Because God has opened up even the divine life to us, there is no possible way to end in ghettoized boredom. Only by employing the practice in which “other is known only by other” can we ever hope to evolve beyond our crudest form of self.

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The Vision of God

Last night at Journey we talked about spiritual maturity and harmony, where we begin to see God’s presence all around us and begin to realize in a deep way how we are all connected.  In that place, our love for God becomes both more personal and less about us. That change is really, really significant, but it’s subtle enough (and full of enough mystery) to defy easy description.  Moltmann talks about this contemplation of God’s presence in Sun of Righteousness, Arise! (p.184) and, as usual, says it far better than I could:

The vision of God confers eternal community with God and likeness to God. The seeing of the divine plenitude is the highest form of the love of God, the love of God for God’s sake. This loving vision of God lets those who see it forget themselves, but it does not make them selfless. They do not lose themselves, and are not submerged in the ocean of the deity. They remain themselves; otherwise the seeing of God would lose its subject. The love unites those who are different and distinguishes those who are joined…The sight of God leads to fruitio Dei, the full enjoyment of God. It is not only the eyes which are blessed with the perception of what was hidden; it is all the senses, with which the presence of God is tasted, felt, smelled, heard and seen, so that God will be ‘all in all’.  In this way an eternal blessedness comes into being in the eternal life. The eternal blessedness comes about when the whole pleroma or fullness of the deity opens itself. That transcends earthly happiness through continually new delight and through never-ending jubilation.”

 

To forget yourself, but not to lose yourself…this is the tension of having your faith become more deeply personal (and therefore effective, in that you are truly living it out) while at the same time being less about Y.O.U.  This blessedness feels like a kind of fullness, a wholeness, that can only mean the presence of God.  And the kind of love that can unite those who are different and distinguish those who are joined?  That is the deep mystery of the love of God, brought to us in the communion of Father, Son and Spirit, unique and yet one.

I think I could attempt to write all day about this and not get a word-handle on it.  As a word person, this is frustrating. As a follower of Jesus, it’s the way I recognize the Way- clearly visible, yet impossible to own/describe/summarize/categorize/control. And that place is how I know I’m home.

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Wisdom and Wonder

Happy Moltmann Monday!  Below is a snippet from Experiences in Theology p.337:

We ascribe wonder as the root of knowledge to the child, and to the primal child in every grown-up.  What we expect of the old, in contrast, is wisdom. The old are supposed to have become wise through their experience of life and through the approach of death. But although we undoubtedly assume that one becomes wise through experiences of life and death, this process is not a matter of course. ‘Sixty years old and not a bit wiser’ people once sang in a hit which was a favorite with everyone who wanted to remain forever young. But how do we become wise?

Wisdom does not spring directly from experience. It is the fruit of the reflective handling of experiences. It is not spontaneous perception which makes us wise; it is the perceiving of the perception. Wisdom is the ethics of knowledge. If we make a conscience out of consciousness, and hence are cognizant of what we do and leave undone, we become wise. We look over our own shoulder, so to speak, and ask: What are you doing? What purpose do your findings serve? What have experiences made of your life? What will remain when you die? Wisdom is a reflective counter-movement to spontaneous wonder. The wondering discovery of the world is one thing; wise dealings with these perceptions another.”

 

I appreciate this metaphor of wise self-reflection as looking over our own shoulder, perhaps focusing on the shadow that is cast behind us.  Confession is meant to help us do this, as are all the spiritual disciplines, really.  This is obvious enough, but what I find most helpful is how Moltmann puts this search for wisdom into play with childlike wonder.  I think he’s right that, though different, they ought not be so far removed from one another, as if a chasm exists between them that has no bridge.  After all, Peter Pan grappled with the tension between childlike naivete and his own shadow, right?

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Success and Righteousness

Hello all!  After a nice little vacation from the screen, here’s a short but sweet punch-to-the-stomach reminder from our dear German friend this Monday morning.  It came from a lecture he gave at Garrett Theological Seminary, to which you can listen in its entirety here:

 

Christian hope does not promise successful days to the rich and the strong, but resurrection and life to those who must exist in the shadows of death.  Success is no name of God. Righteousness is.”

 

We’ll just let that sit on our shoulders for the afternoon, shall we?

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